Speech Language Pathology

Biography

Biography: Paul Fogle

Abstract

Mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) is a relatively new area of concern for many SLPs, although concussions have occurred in children and adolescents for as long as they have played sports, fallen out of trees or had other mild head injuries. The U.S. Center for Disease Control (2007) estimated that 1.6 to 3.8 million sports-related mTBIs in children and adolescents occur each year in the U.S. Reports of youth concussions spiked by 71% between 2010 to 2015, according to a study of nearly 937,000 health insurance claims gathered by Blue Cross and Blue Shield. However, incidence and prevalence studies may significantly underestimate the actual numbers of boys and girls with concussions because many individuals suffering from mild or even moderate TBI to not seek medical services. This presentation will discuss several aspects of concussion, including the neuroanatomical effects (e.g., tearing, shearing and twisting of axons and dendrites and destruction of neurons); physical symptoms (e.g., being dazed and dizzy, headaches, nausea, drowsiness and sleep problems); cognitive effects (e.g., attention, memory, orientation, reasoning, judgment, problem solving and executive functions) and the behavioral, emotional and social effects (e.g., agitation, aggression, anger, low tolerance for frustration, emotional lability, egocentrism, disinhibition, impulsivity and decreased social skills). In addition, the risk factors, such as history of concussions and gender of the athlete will be discussed. The signs and symptoms of concussion observed by adults and those reported by children and adolescents will be presented. The role of speech-language pathologists working with concussed youth in both medical and school settings will be discussed. Intervention and management (particularly by school-based SLPs) will be an emphasis in this presentation.